CanadaCitizenshipTest Logo

CitizenshipCanadaTest.ca

Home

Chapter 7: Canadian Symbols and Traditions

Canada is a country rich in cultural heritage and diverse traditions. Understanding its symbols and traditions is crucial for anyone seeking to become a Canadian citizen. This chapter will provide an in-depth exploration of Canada’s national symbols, holidays, cultural practices, regional traditions, and more, making it easier to appreciate the essence of what it means to be Canadian.

Important Canadian Symbols

Canada's symbols represent its history, culture, and values. These symbols are visible in daily life and are a source of pride for Canadians.


Maple leaf symbol

The Maple Leaf

The maple leaf is one of the most recognized symbols of Canada. It appears on the national flag, which was adopted in 1965. The flag features a red maple leaf with 11 points in the center, flanked by two red bars. The maple leaf has been a symbol of Canada since the 18th century and represents the vast maple forests found throughout the country.

The Beaver

The beaver, designated as the national animal in 1975, played a significant role in Canada's early fur trade. It symbolizes perseverance and industriousness, qualities valued by Canadians. You can find the beaver on the Canadian nickel and various emblems.

The Loon

The common loon, another iconic symbol, is featured on the Canadian one-dollar coin, commonly known as the "loonie." The loon is known for its distinctive call and is found on many lakes across Canada, representing the country’s natural beauty and wildlife.

The Fleur-de-lys

The fleur-de-lys, or lily flower, has been a symbol of French royalty for over 1,000 years. It was adopted by the French king in 496 and appears in the flag of Quebec, symbolizing the province's French heritage.

The Coat of Arms and Motto

Canada adopted an official coat of arms and a national motto after the First World War. The national motto is "A mari usque ad mare," which means “from sea to sea” in Latin. The coat of arms contains symbols of England, France, Scotland, and Ireland as well as red maple leaves. The coat of arms can be seen on dollar bills, government documents, and public buildings.

The Canadian Crown

The Crown is a symbol of the state in Canada that has been used for 400 years. Canada is a constitutional monarchy that has had its own Sovereign since 1867, when Queen Victoria was the Queen of Canada. The Crown is a symbol of government, including Parliament, the legislatures, the courts, police services, and the Canadian Forces.

Flags in Canada

Canada’s current flag was first raised in 1965 and has a red-white-red pattern with a maple leaf in the center. The red-white-red pattern comes from the flag of the Royal Military College, founded in 1876. Red and white have been Canada's colors since 1921, representing the French and English heritage. The Union Jack, the Royal Flag of Canada, shows ties to the UK, and the Canadian Red Ensign, used from 1868 to 1965, had the Union Jack and a shield with symbols of Canada's provinces. Each province and territory also has its own flag that reflects its unique traditions.

Parliament Buildings

The Parliament Buildings in Ottawa embody the French, English, and Aboriginal traditions and the Gothic Revival architecture popular during the time of Queen Victoria. The Centre Block was destroyed by fire in 1916 and rebuilt in 1922. The Library is the only part of the original building remaining.

The Peace Tower

The Peace Tower was completed in 1927 in memory of the First World War. The Memorial Chamber within the Tower contains the Books of Remembrance, which list the names of those who died serving Canada in wars or while on duty.

Official Languages

English and French are the two official languages of Canada. English speakers are known as Anglophones, and French speakers are known as Francophones. The Official Languages Act, passed in 1969, ensures that French and English are treated equally in Parliament, the Government of Canada, and institutions subject to the Act. It also supports and enhances official language minority communities in Canada and promotes equality of French and English in Canadian society.

National Anthem and Royal Anthem

“O Canada,” proclaimed as the national anthem in 1980, was first sung in Québec City in 1880. French and English Canadians sing different words to the national anthem. The Royal Anthem of Canada is “God Save the Queen (or King)” and can be played or sung on any occasion to honor the Sovereign.

The Order of Canada

Official awards in Canada are called honors, consisting of orders, decorations, and medals. Canada used British honors before establishing its own honors system with the Order of Canada in 1967, the centennial of Confederation.

The Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (V.C.) is the highest honor for Canadians. It is awarded for showing great courage, heroism, or a pre-eminent act of valor or self-sacrifice, or extreme devotion to duty in the presence of the enemy. Ninety-six Canadians have received the V.C. since 1854.

Important Canadian Figures in the Victoria Cross History

National Holidays

Cultural Practices

Multiculturalism

Canada prides itself on being a multicultural society. The Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988 recognizes and promotes the understanding that all citizens are equal and their diverse backgrounds enrich the country. Festivals, cultural events, and cuisine from various ethnic groups are celebrated nationwide.

Indigenous Traditions

Indigenous cultures, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, are integral to Canada's heritage. Traditional practices, such as powwows, storytelling, and art, are respected and celebrated. Indigenous languages and customs are preserved and promoted through various initiatives and cultural centers.

Bilingualism

Canada is officially bilingual, with English and French as its official languages. The country promotes the use of both languages in government, education, and public life. This bilingualism is a reflection of Canada's history and its commitment to cultural diversity.

Hockey

Hockey is more than just a sport in Canada; it is a national passion. It represents teamwork, resilience, and community spirit. The National Hockey League (NHL) has many Canadian teams, and hockey is played at all levels, from local rinks to international arenas. The Clarkson Cup, established in 2005, is awarded for women’s hockey.

Other Popular Sports

Canadian football is the second most popular sport in Canada. Curling, introduced by Scottish pioneers, is another beloved ice game. Lacrosse, an ancient sport first played by Aboriginals, is the official summer sport. Soccer has the most registered players of any game in Canada.

Regional Traditions

Quebec Winter Carnival

The Quebec Winter Carnival, held in February, is one of the largest and most famous winter festivals in the world. It features ice sculptures, parades, snow slides, and the iconic Bonhomme Carnaval, the festival’s mascot.

Calgary Stampede

Known as "The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth," the Calgary Stampede is a ten-day rodeo and exhibition held every July in Calgary, Alberta. It celebrates Western heritage and includes rodeo events, concerts, parades, and agricultural competitions.

Newfoundland and Labrador’s Regatta

The Royal St. John’s Regatta, held on the first Wednesday in August, is North America's oldest annual sporting event. This rowing competition in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, is accompanied by a festival atmosphere with food, games, and music.

Acadian Festival

The Acadian Festival, celebrated in various parts of the Maritime provinces, particularly in New Brunswick, honors the French-speaking Acadian community. Events include parades, music, dance, and traditional Acadian cuisine.

National Indigenous Peoples Day

Celebrated on June 21st, National Indigenous Peoples Day recognizes and celebrates the cultures and contributions of the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples of Canada. It is marked by events showcasing traditional music, dance, and art.

Canadian Cuisine

Poutine

Poutine is a quintessential Canadian dish originating from Quebec, consisting of French fries topped with cheese curds and smothered in gravy. It’s a popular comfort food enjoyed across the country.

Butter Tarts

Butter tarts are a classic Canadian dessert made of a flaky pastry shell filled with a sweet mixture of butter, sugar, and eggs. Variations may include raisins or nuts.

Nanaimo Bars

Named after the city of Nanaimo in British Columbia, Nanaimo bars are a no-bake dessert with three layers: a crumbly base, a custard-flavored middle, and a chocolate topping.

Tourtière

Tourtière is a traditional French-Canadian meat pie, typically served during the Christmas season. It is made with minced pork, veal, or beef, and flavored with spices.

Canadian Music and Arts

National Anthem: "O Canada"

“O Canada,” proclaimed as the national anthem in 1980, was first sung in Québec City in 1880. French and English Canadians sing different words to the national anthem.

Royal Anthem: "God Save the Queen (or King)"

The Royal Anthem of Canada can be played or sung on any occasion to honor the Sovereign.

The Group of Seven

The Group of Seven was a group of Canadian landscape painters in the early 20th century known for their distinctive style and portrayal of the Canadian wilderness. Their work remains influential in Canadian art.

Canadian Literature

Canadian literature is rich and diverse, with notable authors like Margaret Atwood, Alice Munro, and Michael Ondaatje. Their works explore themes of identity, nature, and the human experience.

Conclusion

Canada's symbols and traditions are a tapestry woven from its rich history, diverse cultures, and regional uniqueness. Understanding and appreciating these elements is crucial for anyone seeking to become a Canadian citizen. This chapter has explored the key symbols, national holidays, cultural practices, regional traditions, and more that define Canada, offering a comprehensive guide to the nation's heritage. As you prepare for your citizenship test, remember that these symbols and traditions are more than just facts to memorize—they are the essence of what it means to be Canadian.